Steigender Cannabiskonsum in Adoleszenz und frühem Erwachsenenalter ist mit einer Reihe adverser Lebensergebnisse (Bildung, Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Lebenszufriedenheit) assoziiert.
Zusammenfassung
Neuseeländische Geburtskohorte bis Alter 25; zunehmender Cannabiskonsum im Jugendalter assoziiert mit niedrigerem Bildungsabschluss (p<0,0001), geringerem Einkommen (p<0,01), höherer Sozialhilfeabhängigkeit (p<0,0001), höherer Arbeitslosigkeit (p<0,0001) und geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit (p<0,0001) — alle Assoziationen nach Adjustierung für Störvariablen (Familienstruktur, psychische Erkrankungen, andere Substanzen) statistisch signifikant (p<0,05).
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PopulationNeuseeländische Geburtskohorte (Längsschnittstudie), Nachverfolgung bis Alter 25 Jahre, genaue n im Abstract nicht angegeben
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InterventionCannabiskonsum in Adoleszenz und frühem Erwachsenenalter (Altersgruppe 14–25 Jahre), verschiedene Konsumniveaus
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OutcomeNach Adjustierung für Confounder signifikante Assoziationen zwischen steigendem Cannabiskonsum und schlechteren Bildungsabschlüssen, geringerem Einkommen, höherer Sozialhilfeabhängigkeit, höherer Arbeitslosigkeit, geringerer Beziehungs- und Lebenszufriedenheit (alle p<0,05)
Vertrauen in die Evidenz
Sehr niedrigNiedrigModeratHoch
Niedrig
Zweite von vier GRADE-Stufen, die Effektschätzung ist begrenzt verlässlich.
<h4>Aim</h4>To examine the associations between the extent of cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood and later education, economic, employment, relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction outcomes.<h4>Design</h4>A longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort studied to age 25 years.<h4>Measurements</h4>Measures of: cannabis use at ages 14-25; university degree attainment to age 25; income at age 25; welfare dependence during the period 21-25 years; unemployment 21-25 years; relationship quality; life satisfaction. Also, measures of childhood socio-economic disadvantage, family adversity, childhood and early adolescent behavioural adjustment and cognitive ability and adolescent and young adult mental health and substance use.<h4>Findings</h4>There were statistically significant bivariate associations between increasing levels of cannabis use at ages 14-21 and: lower levels of degree attainment by age 25 (P < 0.0001); lower income at age 25 (P < 0.01); higher levels of welfare dependence (P < 0.0001); higher unemployment (P < 0.0001); lower levels of relationship satisfaction (P < 0.001); and lower levels of life satisfaction (P < 0.0001). These associations were adjusted for a range of potentially confounding factors including: family socio-economic background; family functioning; exposure to child abuse; childhood and adolescent adjustment; early adolescent academic achievement; and comorbid mental disorders and substance use. After adjustment, the associations between increasing cannabis use and all outcome measures remained statistically significant (P < 0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The results of the present study suggest that increasing cannabis use in late adolescence and early adulthood is associated with a range of adverse outcomes in later life. High levels of cannabis use are related to poorer educational outcomes, lower income, greater welfare dependence and unemployment and lower relationship and life satisfaction. The findings add to a growing body of knowledge regarding the adverse consequences of heavy cannabis use.