Cannabisrauchen verursacht gegenüber Tabak eine deutlich höhere respiratorische Belastung durch CO und Teer.
Zusammenfassung
n=15 Männer mit langjährigem Cannabis- und Tabakkonsum (≥5 Jahre); Cannabis-Rauchen vs. Tabak: ~5-fach höherer Anstieg des Carboxyhämoglobins im Blut, ~3-fach mehr inhalierter Teer, 1/3 mehr Teer-Retention im Respirationstrakt (p<0.001); Zugvolumen ~2/3 größer, Inhalationstiefe 1/3 größer, Atemanhaltedauer ~4-fach länger (p<0.01) — unabhängig vom THC-Gehalt. Erhöhte respiratorische Schadstoffbelastung (Kohlenmonoxid, Teer); ein direktes Krebsrisiko wird nicht nachgewiesen.
P
PopulationMänner, die seit mindestens 5 Jahren sowohl Cannabis als auch Tabak rauchten, n=15
I
InterventionRauchen von Cannabiszigaretten (741–985 mg, 0,004% oder 1,24% THC)
C
KontrolleRauchen von filterbewehrten Tabakzigaretten (900–1200 mg)
O
OutcomeCannabisrauchen assoziiert mit ~5-fachem Anstieg des Carboxyhämoglobin-Spiegels, ~3-fachem Anstieg der inhalierten Teermenge und ~1/3 höherer Teerretention im Respirationstrakt vs. Tabak (p<0,001)
Vertrauen in die Evidenz
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Niedrigste GRADE-Stufe, die Effektschätzung bleibt unsicher.
To compare the pulmonary hazards of smoking Cannabis and tobacco, we quantified the relative burden to the lung of insoluble particulates (tar) and carbon monoxide from the smoke of similar quantities of Cannabis and tobacco. The 15 subjects, all men, had smoked both Cannabis and tobacco habitually for at least five years. We measured each subject's blood carboxyhemoglobin level before and after smoking and the amount of tar inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract from the smoke of single filter-tipped tobacco cigarettes (900 to 1200 mg) and Cannabis cigarettes (741 to 985 mg) containing 0.004 percent or 1.24 percent delta 9-tetrahydrocanabinol. As compared with smoking tobacco, smoking Cannabis was associated with a nearly fivefold greater increment in the blood carboxyhemoglobin level, an approximately threefold increase in the amount of tar inhaled, and retention in the respiratory tract of one third more inhaled tar (P less than 0.001). Significant differences were also noted in the dynamics of smoking Cannabis and tobacco, among them an approximately two-thirds larger puff volume, a one-third greater depth of inhalation, and a fourfold longer breath-holding time with Cannabis than with tobacco (P less than 0.01). Smoking dynamics and the delivery of tar during Cannabis smoking were only slightly influenced by the percentage of tetrahydrocanabinol. We conclude that smoking Cannabis, regardless of tetrahydrocannabinol content, results in a substantially greater respiratory burden of carbon monoxide and tar than smoking a similar quantity of tobacco.